Rating bureau’s medeveroorzakers van de crisis veroorzaken weer een crisis!!
Onderstaande rating bureaus hebben een dubieuze rol gespeeld in het ontstaan van de kredietcrisis. Veel te hoge creditratings geven aan gestructureerde financieringspakketten(junk). Deze bureaus geven creditratings aan landen (Griekenland, Spanje). De volgende vragen worden niet gesteld:
xb7 Zijn de ratingbureaus echte aanjagers van de kredietcrisis
xb7 Wat zijn de normen voor het bepalen van de indicaties(AAA of D)
xb7 Welke waarde kunnen we aan deze ratings hechten als het systeem de kredietcrisis niet
heeft kunnen voorkomen
xb7 Had Griekenland al jaren eerder een downgrading moeten hebben
xb7 Media en publiek reageren weer hyperig(paniek) op iets wat we niet begrijpen
Fitch Group
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Long-term credit ratings
Fitch Ratings' long-term credit ratings are assigned on an alphabetic scale from 'AAA' to 'D', first introduced in 1924 and later adopted and licensed by S&P. (Moody's also uses a similar scale, but names the categories differently.) Like S&P, Fitch also uses intermediate +/- modifiers for each category between AA and CCC (e.g., AA+, AA, AA-, A+, A, A-, BBB+, BBB, BBB-, etc.).
Investment grade
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AAA : the best quality companies, reliable and stable
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AA : quality companies, a bit higher risk than AAA
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A : economic situation can affect finance
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BBB : medium class companies, which are satisfactory at the moment
Non-investment grade (also known as junk bonds)
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BB : more prone to changes in the economy
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B : financial situation varies noticeably
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CCC : currently vulnerable and dependent on favorable economic conditions to meet its commitments
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CC : highly vulnerable, very speculative bonds
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C : highly vulnerable, perhaps in bankruptcy or in arrears but still continuing to pay out on obligations
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D : has defaulted on obligations and Fitch believes that it will generally default on most or all obligations
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NR : not publicly rated
Short-term credit ratings
Fitch's short-term ratings indicate the potential level of default within a 12-month period.
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F1+ : best quality grade, indicating exceptionally strong capacity of obligor to meet its financial commitment
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F1 : best quality grade, indicating strong capacity of obligor to meet its financial commitment
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F2 : good quality grade with satisfactory capacity of obligor to meet its financial commitment
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F3 : fair quality grade with adequate capacity of obligor to meet its financial commitment but near term adverse conditions could impact the obligor's commitments
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B : of speculative nature and obligor has minimal capacity to meet its commitment and vulnerability to short term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions
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C : possibility of default is high and the financial commitment of the obligor are dependent upon sustained, favourable business and economic conditions
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D : the obligor is in default as it has failed on its financial commitments.
Standard & Poor's
Credit ratings
Standard & Poor's, as a credit rating agency (CRA), issues credit ratings for the debt of public and private corporations. It is one of several CRAs that have been designated a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
It issues both short-term and long-term credit ratings.
Long-term credit ratings
S&P rates borrowers on a scale from AAA to D. Intermediate ratings are offered at each level between AA and CCC (e.g., BBB+, BBB and BBB-). For some borrowers, S&P may also offer guidance (termed a "credit watch") as to whether it is likely to be upgraded (positive), downgraded (negative) or uncertain (neutral).
Investment Grade
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AAA : the best quality borrowers, reliable and stable (many of them governments)
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AA : quality borrowers, a bit higher risk than AAA
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A : economic situation can affect finance
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BBB : medium class borrowers, which are satisfactory at the moment
Non-Investment Grade (also known as junk bonds)
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BB : more prone to changes in the economy
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B : financial situation varies noticeably
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CCC : currently vulnerable and dependent on favorable economic conditions to meet its commitments
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CC : highly vulnerable, very speculative bonds
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C : highly vulnerable, perhaps in bankruptcy or in arrears but still continuing to pay out on obligations
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CI : past due on interest
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R : under regulatory supervision due to its financial situation
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SD : has selectively defaulted on some obligations
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D : has defaulted on obligations and S&P believes that it will generally default on most or all obligations
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NR : not rated
Short-term issue credit ratings
S&P rates specific issues on a scale from A-1 to D. Within the A-1 category it can be designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the issuer's commitment to meet its obligation is very strong. Country risk and currency of repayment of the obligor to meet the issue obligation are factored into the credit analysis and reflected in the issue rating.
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A-1 : obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong
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A-2 : is susceptible to adverse economic conditions however the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory
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A-3 : adverse economic conditions are likely to weaken the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation
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B : has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial obligation but faces major ongoing uncertainties that could impact its financial commitment on the obligation
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C : currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation
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D : is in payment default. Obligation not made on due date and grace period may not have expired. The rating is also used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition.
